International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Force Deficit of Human Vastus Lateralis Single Muscle Fiber Following Consecutive Eccentric ContractionsSeung Jun Choi 6(2) 5-22, 2012
TitleForce Deficit of Human Vastus Lateralis Single Muscle Fiber Following Consecutive Eccentric Contractions
Seung Jun Choi DOI: AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate relationships between eccentric- induced force loss after consecutive eccentric contractions and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform in human muscle fibers. Peak Ca2+-activated force (15ºC) of chemically skinned fiber segments (N=46), prepared from human vastus lateralis biopsies (N=9, age = 26±2), was measured before and after the eccentric contractions (25% strain, 50% of maximal shortening velocity). Fiber MHC isoform expression was determined by gel electrophoresis and silver staining. At baseline, type IIa (121 ± 5 kN/m2) and IIa/IIx (124 ± 7 kN/m2) fibers produced greater Ca2+-activated force than type I fibers (109 ± 4 kN/m2). A significant fiber type x time interaction revealed similar force deficits for type I (6 ± 2 kN/m2 or 5 ± 1% of pre force) and IIa (7 ± 1 kN/m2, 7 ± 1%) fibers but a ~3-fold greater deficit for IIa/IIx fibers (19 ± 1 kN/m2, 16 ± 1%). Following three additional eccentric contractions, the force deficits were not differing across the fiber MHC isoform. Because strain magnitude, peak eccentric force, and work absorbed did not differ between fiber types, these data indicate a greater susceptibility of the first eccentric contraction than following eccentric contractions. Key Wordseccentric contractions, myosin heavy chain isoform, fiber type, muscle damage |
Finding Dorothy Harris: One Asian Male Feminist`s Search for the Mother of Sport PsychologyYong Chul Chung , Diane Gill 6(2) 23-34, 2012
TitleFinding Dorothy Harris: One Asian Male Feminist`s Search for the Mother of Sport Psychology
Yong Chul Chung , Diane Gill DOI: AbstractWithin the field of sport psychology, there have been significant gender discrepancies in terms of how we would recognize, interpret, and appreciate the scholarly works of our past. Specifically, early women scholars and their contributions to the field have been largely ignored (Oglesby, 2001). This paper attempts to balance this apparent discrepancy by rediscovering one of the most prominent women scholars in our field, Dorothy V. Harris. Acknowledging the legacies and learning from their past would be the first step toward the complete understanding of our field. This understanding would be beneficial for the healthy development of sport psychology in the future. Key WordsDorothy Harris, history of sport psychology, early women scholars |
Influence of Internet Replies of Sport Newspaper Articles on JournalismBoh Yeon Park , Chan Woo Ahn 6(2) 35-51, 2012
TitleInfluence of Internet Replies of Sport Newspaper Articles on Journalism
Boh Yeon Park , Chan Woo Ahn DOI: AbstractThis study focused on influence of Internet comments to newspapers` sports reports on journalism. For this study, 10 journalists who worked in daily newspapers, sports newspapers and Internet newspapers had been participating in interviews for 4 months. As a result, firstly, comments have affected limitedly agenda setting, but Internet newspapers have been deeply influenced by comments. Secondly, comments have made journalists self-censorship when they write reports. they have been aware of critic comments of readers, and some of them have been afraid of severe criticism particularly about national sports heros. It means that independence of journalism have been destroying by comments. However, journalists who worked in the press have sticked to classical ways of journalism escaped reading a comments because they have recognized that comments prevent from writing reports without interruption. Lastly, journalism have been damaged their authority by comments. Comments become a information as good as journalism because Internet give readers a chance of approaching various information. In addition, Internet newspapers` excessive pursuit of their commercial goal affected decline in a reputation of journalism. Key Wordsjournalism, internet, comments, sports newspaper, self-censorship, authority |
Relationship between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Korean ChildrenEung Joon Kim 6(2) 53-64, 2012
TitleRelationship between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Children
Eung Joon Kim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine whether body fat mass and fat distribution affect bone mineral density (BMD) and to examine the relationship among body fat distribution and total and regional BMD in children. Forty-three healthy elementary school children (30 boys, 13 girls) from Sports Talent Development Center, K University participated in this study. Total and regional BMD, fat mass and body fat distribution were obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry total body scan. Total and regional BMD, fat mass, and fat distribution did not show significant differences in both genders. In boys, there was no significant relationship in fat mass and BMD. However, in girls, fat mass was significantly related to total BMD (r=0.812, p< 0.01), arm BMD (r=0.727, p< 0.01), leg BMD (r=0.890, p< 0.01), and spine BMD (r=0.755, p< 0.01). Fat mass had a positive relationship with total BMD and leg BMD in girls(ß-coefficient = 0.910, p=0.008 and ß-coefficient= 0.841, p=0.003, respectively). In girls, lean mass also had a positive relationship with total BMD (ß-coefficient = 0.529, p=0.039) but not in boys. Therefore, it seems that the contribution of fat distribution to BMD was higher in girls than in boys. Key Wordsbody composition, bone mineral density, body fat mass, fat distribution, children |
The Influence of Scenes of Winning and Losing on EEG Hemispheric Asymmetry and EmotionRen Xi Li , Jin Gu Kim , Sung Woon Kim 6(2) 65-79, 2012
TitleThe Influence of Scenes of Winning and Losing on EEG Hemispheric Asymmetry and Emotion
Ren Xi Li , Jin Gu Kim , Sung Woon Kim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between emotion and cerebral hemisphere asymmetry. A total of 26 university students (male= 13, female= 13) participated in this study. All participants were right-handed. The age was ranged between 19 and 27 (the average age: 22.6). The dependent variable was the PANAS score and the alpha power of the difference index. The questionnaire measured changes in emotion in each session. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to analyze cerebral hemisphere asymmetry related to positive and negative emotion. A modified PANAS-X was administered to measure the subjects` emotional state regarding scenes of winning and losing. The measurement of EEG asymmetry was calculated by the difference between the log alpha power density of the right hemisphere (log R) and left hemisphere (log L). The result of this study showed that emotion is positively higher when their team is winning compared to when their team is losing. Regarding EEG asymmetry, the left cerebral hemisphere was activated when they watch either their team is winning (positive emotion) and losing scenes (negative emotion). Key WordsHemispheric asymmetry, emotion, winning, losing, spectator |
Verification of Optimal Physical Activity and Work Rate for Enhancing Brain Health and Preventing Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Female AdolescentsHan Sang Jung , Le Soo Chung , Nam Ju Lee 6(2) 81-96, 2012
TitleVerification of Optimal Physical Activity and Work Rate for Enhancing Brain Health and Preventing Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Female Adolescents
Han Sang Jung , Le Soo Chung , Nam Ju Lee DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate recommended intensity, time, and duration of daily physical activity (PA) for female adolescents to enhance brain health and reduce obesity risk factors. Forty eight obese female adolescents having BMI over 28 participated in this study. They were divided by four groups (non-PA control, less than 150 min PA per week PA1, 150-300 min PA per week PA2, over 300 min PA per week PA3) and 12 female adolescents were randomly assigned for each group. Eight-week increased PA for obese female adolescents showed positive changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, total cholesterol, insulin resistance, depression symptom, and blood BDNF level. It seems that participating in PA program over 150 min PA hours with medium intensity may cause positive changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood lipids, insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness as well as depression symptom and blood BDNF. Especially, PA recommended guidelines for adolescents to improve blood lipids and depression symptom would be participating PA program of 150-300 min weekly. Future studies would be needed to investigate how PA induces improved brain health and obesity risk factors focusing on underlying mechanisms. Key Wordsbrain health, obesity, physical activity, brain-dervied nurotrophic factor |
Social Network Analysis of the Model of Multi-stakeholder Network in Mega-sport Events: an Issue-focused Stakeholder Management ApproachAmy Chan Hyung Kim , Janelle E. Wells , Yu Kyoum Kim 6(2) 97-117, 2012
TitleSocial Network Analysis of the Model of Multi-stakeholder Network in Mega-sport Events: an Issue-focused Stakeholder Management Approach
Amy Chan Hyung Kim , Janelle E. Wells , Yu Kyoum Kim DOI: AbstractOver the last three decades, hosting mega-sport events have been popular due to political, cultural, and economic benefits. When it comes to maximizing the potential benefits of events, it is critical to manage and satisfy the stakeholders who affect the event or are affected by the event. For this, many management literatures have developed organizational strategies to identify and satisfy influential groups for the pursuit of organizational goals by focusing on dyadic relationships between focal organizations and stakeholder groups. Yet, embracing the fact that these studies tend to ignore the autonomous relationships among stakeholders, this study introduces the model of multi-stakeholder network in mega-sport events settings to highlight the importance of stakeholders` interactions. The purpose of this study is: 1) to develop a conceptual framework for the model of multi-stakeholder network employing an issue-focused stakeholder management approach and social network analysis in mega-sport events settings, and 2) to simulate a model by creating a random stakeholder network from the issue categories and external stakeholder groups identified by Parent (2008) to provide empirical implications. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the model, and future directions are discussed. Key Wordsmega-sport events, social network analysis, stakeholder management, issue-focused approach |
The Effect of the Golf Skill Level and Practice Method on the Putting TaskYeon Kyong Kim , Yong Jin Yoon 6(2) 119-129, 2012
TitleThe Effect of the Golf Skill Level and Practice Method on the Putting Task
Yeon Kyong Kim , Yong Jin Yoon DOI: AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the contextual interference effect in the golf putting task. For this study, 135 people were divided into three groups according to the golf skill level (beginning, intermediate, advanced level). Then each group was randomly divided into three sub-groups based on the type of practice (random, blocked, self-regulated). We compared the results of exercise between groups in acqusition phase, retention and transfer test. In second block of acquisition phase, the blocked practice was more effective than the random practice and self-regulated practice in terms ofthe accuracy or consistency in all level groups. In third block of acquisition phase, there was no significant difference between practical methods in intermediate and advanced level group whereas the blocked practice was more effective in beginning group. In retention and transfer test, the random practice and self-regulated practice were appeared to be more effective than the blocked practice in beginning and intermediate group,however no significant difference was shown between practical methods in advanced group. Based on the above results, our study showed that the random practice or self-regulated practice is more effective than blocked practice in acquiring the putting technique in beginning and intermediate group. Key Wordscontextual interference effect, golf skill level, self-regulated practice |
The Suggestion of Movement Workshops for the Stress of Christian Women in MidlifeYoung Ae Park 6(2) 131-141, 2012
TitleThe Suggestion of Movement Workshops for the Stress of Christian Women in Midlife
Young Ae Park DOI: AbstractThe purpose of the study was to suggest movement workshops that can help release tension caused by stress for Christian women in midlife. The particular stressors that midlife women experience have been associated with the physical and mental changes that result in a low life satisfaction. Various symptoms as well as diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and breast cancer, etc., may be accelerated in that period. Also, as the chances of a stress increase, such physical symptoms as fatigue, migraine headaches, chronic diarrhea, and deficiency of immunity etc. occur frequently. These symptoms are mostly resulted from the chronic stress which has potential to cause the most characteristic symptoms of midlife women, decalcification of the bones, osteoporosis, and susceptibility to fractures. Above all, it is the muscle tension, which is caused by the chronic stress, that affects most of these symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to release tension for the well-being of women in midlife, and the workshop suggested in this study utilizing physical movement will be useful as one of coping strategies. Key Wordsstress, tension, movement, Christian, women, midlife |
The Effects of Chopstick Action Observational Physical Training on the Improvement of Non-dominant Hand`s Fine Motor FunctionsJin Sung Kim , In Sung Yeo , Sang Ok Kim , Ki Hong Kim 6(2) 143-152, 2012
TitleThe Effects of Chopstick Action Observational Physical Training on the Improvement of Non-dominant Hand`s Fine Motor Functions
Jin Sung Kim , In Sung Yeo , Sang Ok Kim , Ki Hong Kim DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of action observational physical training (AOPT) on the non-dominant hand`s fine motor functions using chopsticks. Total of 40 college students who enrolled Y University located in Kyunggi, Korea were recruited and trained by using chopsticks with non-dominant hand to move the beans from A dish to B dish of 18cm diameter. The practice periods were divided by 2min observation, 5min physical training, and 2min break time. The training was repeated 3 times a day, 3 days in a week, and 3 consecutive week interventions, and total of 9 sessions. All subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups such as OPT, PT, OT, or Control groups. The 4x4 ANOVA repeated measurement was utilized to analyze the number of beans to be carried by groups and sessions using the chopsticks. In the results, there was a significant difference in the number of beans to be carried by each group for one minute (F=10.11, p=.000). The effects between test sessions (F=35.25, p=.000) and the interaction of session by group (F=7.56, p=.000) were found with the statistical significance. In conclusion, the beans carried by OPT and PT group were significantly increased compared to OT and CONT groups. These results indicated that the training of chopstick skill to move the beans from A to B dish by non dominant hand of the subject using observation and physical exercise was more effective than using observation method only. Also, we discussed the use of action observation and imitation as an approach for effective training and devote of mirror neuron system to hand actions such as chopstick skills. Key Wordsaction observation physical training (AOPT), mirror neuron system, chopstick skill, non-dominant hand, skill acquisition |
Effects of Group Exercise Program on Neuroplacidity and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obesity ChildrenJun Geun Byun , Hyun Chul Cho , Pil Young Lee , Sung Yeon Kim 6(2) 153-165, 2012
TitleEffects of Group Exercise Program on Neuroplacidity and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obesity Children
Jun Geun Byun , Hyun Chul Cho , Pil Young Lee , Sung Yeon Kim DOI: AbstractPhysical activity is planned activity to maintain and improve the factors of strength. Exercise can increase the energy consumption through the contraction of skeletal muscle and improve the cardiovascular problems and the metabolic risk factors by reforming blood sugar limitation level, blood lipids, weight and other metabolism. Accordingly, the perspective of this study is to identify that what effect GX program conducted by obese children will have on the change of nerve growth factor, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors. Twenty-eight subjects who hadn`t taken certain medicine or treatment were divided into two groups: training group (n=14, height: 140.83 ± 9.70, weight: 52.23 ± 7.22, %body-fat: 30.71 ± 1.71) and control group (n=14, height: 143.45 ± 5.83, weight: 55.66 ± 2.47, %body-fat: 30.03 ± 1.39). They were tested by body-composition, obesity, neuroplacidity, metabolic risk factors. Result as follow, first; there were significant differences between pre and post tests (p< .01). Also, there were significant differences in TG, HDL-C and glucose of metabolic risk factors among groups (p< .05) and there was no significant difference in blood pressure. Second; there was no statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, VO2max increased more than 2ml/kg/min in the group of GX program. Third; there were significant differences in %body-fat and HDL-C and most significant differences between pre and post-test in VO2max by over 2mL/kg. As the result of the research in which 12-week GX program was performed by growing children, there were positive effects on metabolic risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and brain fitness. Also the performance applied music which focuses on children`s interest may positively affect improving children`s physical activity. Thus, it is considered that various applications should be continuously developed in public schools and community sports facilities. Key Wordsgroup exercise, metabolic risk factors, neuroplacidity |